Scott smallflower umbrella sedge is a problematic weed in directseeded rice in the midsouthern united states. Patterns of resistance to als herbicides in smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis and ricefield bulrush schoenoplectus mucronatus 1. Alsresistant smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis. Cyperus difformis evolves resistance to propanil sciencedirect. Pdf biology and control of cyperus rotundus and cyperus.
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of several environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of cyperus difformis. In florida there are over 50 variations of cyperus alone wunderlin, 2003. Diagnostic characters biology ecology and distribution nuisance weed control botany usesremark references. What rice farmers say about weeds weeds is rank as 1st or 2nd problem in rice weed management in rice is challenging, complex, expensive, and regulated herbicide is the preferred method of controlling weed and it is the first and probably the last line of defense farmers are. Cyperus difformis echinochloa phyllopogon abstract the ef. Pedroso, durval dourado neto, ricardo victoria filho, albert j. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Ginklasipika han iucn an species komo diri gud kababarakan. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. Cyperus difformis smallflower umbrella sedge is an economically important weed of rice in california where its control has recently been complicated by the evolution of herbicide resistance.
Modeling germination of smallflower umbrella sedge. It produces large quantities of seed and can complete life cycle in about 30 days. Pdf factors affecting cyperus difformis seed germination and. The names nut grass and nut sedge shared with the related species cyperus esculentus are derived from its tubers, that somewhat resemble nuts, although botanically they have nothing to do with nuts. A study, using a calculation model, of the effect of smallflower umbrella plant cyperus difformis l.
The almost exclusive use of aerial sowing of rice in australia and the concomitant reliance upon the herbicide bensulfuronmethyl to control cyperus difformis has not been matched with an increase in the understanding of the biology of this major weed. Request pdf modeling germination of smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis l. Applications of 64 times higher rates of azimsulfuron and halosulfuronmethyl failed to reduce by 50% growth of 10 putative resistant r cyperus difformis smallflower umbrellasedge populations collected from rice fields located in northern greece. Cyperus difformis zigolo delle risaie flora italiana. It originated in the old world tropics and is one of approximately 950 species in the genus cyperus stevens, 2012. Alsresistant smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis in. Cyperus difformis in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this. Biology and management of yellow cyperus escuelentus and.
Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Cyperus rotundus, cyperus iria, cyperus difformis, and fimbristylis milliaceae are included in sedges. Abstract cyperus rotundus linn belong to the family cyperaceae. Cyperus difformis is a species of sedge known by several common names, including variable. Culms tufted, 265 cm tall, slightly thick or flaccid, compressed triquetrous, smooth, few leaved at basal part. There are usually a few long, wispy leaves around the base of the plant. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Accepted name plantae tracheophyta liliopsida poales cyperaceae cyperus cyperus difformis l. Soilsolarization for the control of weeds in pantanagar. Native to the palaearctic, probably accidentally introduced in the nearctic life cycle. It may be distinguished mainly by the dense, globose heads composed by many radiating spikelets. This is an annual herb with one to many thin, soft erect stems reaching over 30 centimeters in maximum height. Variable flatsedge seems to be spreading along major waterways and in rice production areas of the u. Physiological and molecular basis of resistance parsa tehranchian, dilpreet s.
Biodiversity heritage library about help faq bhl store. Factors affecting cyperus difformis seed germination and seedling. Media in category cyperus difformis the following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Can cause damage to roses, raspberries and strawberries.
Cladius difformis, the bristly rose slug, is a species of common sawfly in the family tenthredinidae. You also get unlimited file sizes as well as the ability to upload and convert several files to pdf at the same time. In california, it is found in the central valley and southwestern regions, to about. To study the antidiarrheal activity of the decoction of cyperus rotundus linn. This plant causes the huge loss of rice yield as it competes nutrients, sunlight and other necessary elements with rice plant to grow. Zigolo delle risaie plant at hana hwy, maui credit. Cyperus difformis is found growing in wet banks, lake margins, and disturbed sites along the central peninsula, miamidade, leon, and escambia counties. However, the growth rate of the susceptible s population was reduced by 50% by 14 of the recommended rate of both herbicides. Cyperus iria is a tufted weed with a yellowish brown to greenish crowded inflorescence irri. A dominant weed in directseeded rice when it occurs in high plant densities. It is a weed of rice fields, but not generally a troublesome one. Effect on adherence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli epec and invasion of enteroinvasive e. Bryson and richard carter usdaars, southern weed science research unit, stoneville, ms 38776, and valdosta state university, valdosta, ga 31698 cyperaceae is a cosmopolitan family of an estimated 5000 species and 100 genera ball et al.
Pdf the present study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potentiality of cyperus difformis from the cyperaceae family. Cyperus species ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. This plant is native to southern europe, most of africa and asia, and australia, and it is naturalized in other areas of the world, including large parts of the americas. Cyperus esculentus yellow nutsedge is found worldwide in warm and temperate zones. Smallflower umbrella sedge, sometimes called smallflower umbrellaplant, a summer annual sedge, is an erect, grasslike plant. Norsworthy, vijay nandula, scott mcelroy, shu chen, and robert c. The accession was confirmed to be resistant r and was cross. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
Herbicide tolerance and polyploidy in cynodon dactylon l. Distribution and crossresistance patterns of alsinhibiting herbicide resistance in smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis volume 58 issue 1. Govindar, the name for a different species from india published in 1973, prevents legitimate transfer of this name under cyperus. A study, using a calculation model, of the effect of smallflower umbrella plant. With a free trial of our online pdf converter, you can convert files to and from pdf for free, or sign up for one of our memberships for limitless access to our file converters full suite of tools. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Cyperus difformis evolves resistance to propanil request pdf. Historically, natural barriers and restricted migration routes prevented plants from dispersing over great distances. Cyperus difformis ufifas center for aquatic and invasive. However, the growth rate of the susceptible s population was reduced by 50% by 14 of the. Cyperus difformis is a species of sedge known by several common names, including variable flatsedge, smallflower umbrellasedge and rice sedge.
Broadleaved weeds of rice include, ecliptaalba, commelina benghalensis, sphenoclea zeylanica, ludwigia parviflora, monochoria vaginalis, monochoria vaginalis, and aegetarum conyzoides. Erect sedge, smooth, densely tufted annual sedge that can grow as tall as 75 cm. Cyperus difformis 122000w cumulative tu 3900on 384 echinochloa spp. Pdf factors affecting cyperus difformis seed germination. Distribution of average cumulative temperatures above a physiological base for c. Knowledge of the mating system of this weed is needed to elucidate the dynamics of resistance evolution and to design mitigation strategies that delay its occurrence. Pdf phytotoxicity assessment of cyperus difformis l. Antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral activities were studied. The current speed and ease of world transportation by humans and. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 236342 with original publication details. Forty percent of fresh seeds can germinate immediately and most dormant seeds can germinate only following a short period of afterripening chozin and nakagawa, 1988. Efficiency of delachlorsimetryne granule for the control of weeds in paddy fields and techniques for its application.
Nutgrass cyperus rotundus information, uses and side. Pdf specific knowledge about the dormancy, germination, and emergence patterns of weed species aids the development of integrated management. A cyperus difformis l accession from chonnam province, korea was tested for resistance to the sulfonylurea herbicide, imazosulfuron. Cyperus complanatus forsk, cyperus holoshoenoides jan, cyperus oryzetorum steud. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Sitespecific, realtime temperatures improve the accuracy. Cyperus difformis belongs to the cyperaceae family, is the weed of rice field valverde et al. This study investigated the potential of a new material, socalled smallflowered nutsedge, for bioethanol production. Modeling germination of smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis l. Factors affecting cyperus difformis seed germination and seedling emergence article pdf available in planta daninha 314. Inflorescence simple or compound, usually open, 120 cm long and 120 cm wide, with groups of spikes either sessile or on 0. The extensive distribution of the nutgrass is due to its ability to adapt to a wide range of soil types, altitudes, temperatures, soil ph and moisture levels.
Media in category cyperus difformisthe following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. Estimating the outcrossing rate of cyperus difformis using. Group c27 resistant cyperus difformis from united states. Germination of freshly harvested seeds was inhibited by darkness. Alsresistant smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis in arkansas. Aug 08, 2015 nutgrass cyperus rotundus information, uses and sideeffects motha nutgrass in ayurveda used to treat various female disorders like yeast, candida, premenstrual syndrome, breast tumor. Sedges have long been recognized among worlds worst agricultural weeds.
Taxonomy of weedy cyperus valdosta state university. Small flower umbrella plant cyperus difformis produces large quantities of seed and can complete life cycle in about 30 days. Medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of cyperus. The species is represented in nearly every state of the u. Smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis click on images to enlarge. Cyperus difformis name synonyms cyperus difformis f. Of great significance i s the recent discovery of c. Cyperus difformis is a plant of aquatic and moist habitats. In california, it is found in the central valley and southwestern regions, to about 1600 feet 550 m.
Spring weed communities of rice agrocoenoses in central nepal. Cyperus difformis is a species of sedge known by several common names. Cyperus difformis was first described by linnaeus 1756. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. The present study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potentiality of cyperus difformis from the cyperaceae family. Forest and kim starr plants of hawaii image licensed under a creative commons attribution 3. Alsresistant smallflower umbrella sedge cyperus difformis in arkansas rice. This study tested the hypothesis that using sitespeci. Jepson manual treatment photo gallery cyperus difformis in west african plants a photo guide.
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